RE-WRITE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

RE-WRITE - Essay Example The usual assumption is that ambient noise is isotropic (equal on all directions). This is commonly considered in sonar equations. We therefore attempt to reduce the effective noise level by utilising of the directional capabilities of the hydrophone (NL-DI). However, in deep waters the sea surface is considerably the principal source of ambient noise. It these areas the ambient level is not truly isotropic. Conversely, in shallow waters ambient noise is essentially isotropic due to reflections from the sea floor (Davidson, 2006). The features of the parametric approach are best illustrated on an example taken from a hypothetical sonar application. The approach was to apply time-frequency circumstances for detection. The detection conditions are simply: The second level, in particular, enables signal detection of a very low false alarm rate on narrow-band sonar signals. It acts as a narrow band pass filter at the input of detection algorithm, which efficiently eliminates out-of-band noise. Figure 1 shows a 50 kHz sonar return from shallow water. Simulated water-depth is 3 m. the transmit pulse has a duration of 0.4 Ms. The noise is of uniform distribution restricted to the signal band. Signal to noise ratio (S/N) is 20 dB while the signal’s full waveform was digitised at the rate of 1 MHz. Only the envelope of the signal is shown in Figure 1. Without any further processing, the echo time series, which consists of 1000 sample, is now submitted to the detection algorithm. While the parametric model is calculated for every sample, the spectrum from 48 kHz to 52 kHz is computed for every 10th interval. The 4 kHz band is evaluated at 200 frequencies with a resolution of 20 Hz. A three dimensional view of the sonogram (Figure 2) may illustrate how well the spectral peaks in the sonar return are defined in a time-frequency representation. The algorithm is very fast and real time processing capable. It does not require that the

Background information of Pepto-Bismo ( liquid Medication) Research Paper

Background information of Pepto-Bismo ( liquid Medication) - Research Paper Example The drug normally has an unpleasant taste, but there are claims suggesting that keeping it under refrigeration reduces the undesirable taste. This research explores the possible effects of keeping Pepto-Bismol liquid medication under refrigeration in preference to room temperature, and at the end of this study a sound conclusion will have been obtained. This drug is present in the form of liquid formulation and chewable tablets or capsules, which are swallowed. The main ingredient in the drug, bismuth subsalicylate is a calcium carbonate and belongs to the class of antacids. The medication has the effect of being adsorbent on the stomach. Once swallowed it is thought to coat the stomach and intestinal walls to prevent the action of acids on these surfaces. It is also thought to kill certain bacteria. The doctor or pharmacist should recommend this medication prior to its use by an individual. The drug should be swallowed depending on the patient. An adult should swallow sixteen capsules in twenty-four hours; a child above ten years should swallow eight tablets in twenty-four hours while that one below ten years should use liquid medication. The medication should be taken thirty minutes apart. Many factors are taken into consideration before the dosage is given. These factors are the determinants on whether the drug will be helpful to the user. The drug takes effect immediately after swallowing it and relieves the discomfort instantly. The main dosage that is given by pharmacists and doctors is two tablets after every thirty minutes and a maximum of 16 tablets in 24 hours. The swallowing should be 30 minutes apart. For children, the swallowing should also be 30 minutes apart with a maximum of eight tablets in 24 hours. For effective use of this medicine, the tablets should be dissolved in the mouth prior to swallowing. Before a doctor or pharmacist recommends this drug they check the body weight, other drugs used